1892 The flowing bowl when and what to drink (1892, c1891)

HISTORY.

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hence the resemblance of the tip of a Thyrsus-staff to the cone of a pine. The wine-production of the old Romans was enor- mous; Caesar presented to the city of Rome at one single time 44,000 barrels; Hortensius had not less than 10,000 barrels of extra Chios wine in his cellars. Gaul (France) was a wine-growing country long be- fore Germany, as already, 600 B. C., the Phocians in Massilia, the modern Marseilles, introduced the wine here. Caesar already found in Gaul extensive vineyards; Ausonius praises the wines of Medoc; Plinius those of the Auvergne. Emperor Domitian ordered half of the Gallic vine- yards to be destroyed, and in their stead that grain should be raised; this would have the double effect of reducing the price of the grain, and of securing better prices to the wine-growers in Italy. Emperor Probus revoked this edict. Aurelian and the Antonines planted vines in the Cote d'Or, the best product of which is still nowadays called " Romance." Charlemagne owned vineyards in Burgundy, and brought the vine from there to the Rhine. In exchange for thirty barrels of Chambertin the ab- bot of Citeaux received from Pope Gregory IX. the dignity of cardinal. During the crusades French pilgrims brought eastern vines to France. The sparkling champagne was not known yet at the